CVE-2025-0108
Overview
CVE-2025-0108 is an authentication bypass vulnerability in the management web interface of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS, disclosed on February 12, 2025. It allows an unauthenticated attacker with network access to circumvent the login process and invoke certain PHP scripts, thus compromising system integrity and confidentiality Palo Alto Networks SecurityArctic Wolfwiz.io.
- Severity: High (CVSS ~ 8.8) Palo Alto Networks Securitywiz.ioArmis.
- Exploitation: Actively observed in the wild and subsequently added to CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog GreyNoiseCISA.
- Technical root cause: Path confusion between Nginx (performing authentication) and Apache (processing the request differently), enabling bypass wiz.ioThe Hacker NewsUniversity of Hawaii – West Oahu.
- Attack chaining: Often chained with CVE-2024-9474 (privilege escalation) and CVE-2025-0111 (file read) to escalate control Arctic WolfArmisNHS England Digital.
- Mitigation: Immediate patching to fixed PAN-OS versions (e.g., ≥ 11.2.4-h4,11.1.6-h1, 10.2.13-h3, 10.1.14-h9) and restricting management interface access to trusted internal networks Palo Alto Networks SecurityArctic WolfNHS England Digital.
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Root Cause Identification
Analyze the underlying misconfiguration in PAN-OS that led to the vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-0108.
Question:
CVE-2025-0108 exploitation hinges on a flaw in PAN-OS involving which component misconfiguration?
A) Weak password hashing
B) Misconfigured TLS certificates
C) Path processing mismatch between Nginx and Apache
CVE-2025-0108 1
D) SQL injection via query parameters
Privilege Context
Determine the extent of privileges obtainable by an unauthenticated attacker through the exploitation of CVE-2025-0108.
Question:
What level of privileges can an unauthenticated attacker gain by exploiting CVE-2025-0108 alone?
A) Full root shell
B) Admin UI access and PHP invocation
C) Read-only access to config files
D) Network packet interception
Attack Chaining Knowledge
Identify the CVEs that are frequently combined with CVE-2025-0108 in real-world exploitation chains.
Question:
Which subsequent CVEs are commonly chained with CVE-2025-0108 in realworld exploit attempts?
A) CVE-2025-0120 & CVE-2025-0121
B) CVE-2024-9474 & CVE-2025-0111
C) CVE-2025-0105 & CVE-2025-0106
D) CVE-2025-0130 & CVE-2025-0131
Exploit Visibility
Assess the current exploitation status and visibility of CVE-2025-0108 in real-world scenarios.
Question:
Which statement reflects the exploitation status of CVE-2025-0108?
A) The vulnerability is theoretical with no observed usage
B) Actively exploited in the wild and listed in CISA KEV catalog
C) Only exploited in red teaming exercises
D) Only affects cloud-hosted NGFW, no real impact
Affected Versions
Identify the specific PAN-OS versions impacted by CVE-2025-0108 that require immediate patching.
Question:
Which PAN-OS versions require urgent patching for CVE-2025-0108?
A) Only versions before 9.0.1
B) All PAN-OS versions are unaffected
C) Versions prior to 11.2.4-h4, 11.1.6-h1, 10.2.13-h3, 10.1.14-h9
D) Only cloud-based NGFWs are vulnerable
CWE Classification
Determine the appropriate CWE category that classifies the vulnerability described in CVE-2025-0108.
Question:
CVE-2025-0108 is categorized under which CWE?
A) CWE-94 (Code Injection)
B) CWE-306 (Missing Authentication for Critical Function)
C) CWE-79 (XSS)
D) CWE-119 (Buffer Overflow)
Mitigation Strategy
Identify the most effective immediate mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-0108 beyond applying a patch.
Question:
What immediate mitigation should an organization implement besides patching?
A) Disable all logging
B) Restrict management interface access to internal trusted IPs
C) Uninstall PHP on the firewall
D) Use VPN for all user access
Attack Timeline
Identify how soon attackers began exploiting CVE-2025-0108 following its disclosure.
Question:
In what time frame did attackers begin exploiting CVE-2025-0108?
A) Months after the patch
B) Same day or shortly after disclosure
C) Only during controlled bug bounty programs
D) Never exploited
Exploit Impact Scope
Determine the specific action not immediately possible through exploitation of CVE-2025-0108 alone.
Question:
What can an attacker NOT immediately accomplish by exploiting CVE-2025-0108 alone?
A) Invoke backend PHP scripts
B) Bypass administrative authentication
C) Execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges
D) Exfiltrate configuration data
CTF Scenario Simulation
Identify the CTF scenario that most accurately simulates exploitation of CVE-2025-0108.
Question:
In a CTF lab, which scenario best emulates CVE-2025-0108 exploitation?
A) SQL injection in /login.php
B) Bypassing login by crafting a request that fools Nginx into skipping auth and invokes a PHP script
C) Cross-site scripting in admin dashboard
D) Local file inclusion in /exportConfig.php